In this first chapter were also presented major biographical data on Salingers life and on his literary works in chronological order in order to emphasize the similarities and differences between his life and some of the events presented in his fiction. It is inseparable from our image of Holden, with good reason: it is a symbol of his uniqueness and individuality. An opaque expression may be easier to translate than a transparent one. | The fact that this test again depends on speakers' judgments about relatedness, however, means that this test for polysemy is not infallible, but is rather merely a helpful conceptual aid. J. D. Salinger used this epithet in order to make a comparison towards Holdens parents because in the beginning Holden showed to the reader a not positive one but old Spenser as the author describe this man point out to the reader that Holdens parents were good peoples. $18.74/subscription + tax, Save 25% It cost him damn near four thousand bucks. It is clear inthe early chapters, that Holden does not have any real friendsat Pency Prep. An idiom or fixed expression may have a similar counterpart in the target language, but its context of use may be different; the two expressions may have different connotations, for instance, or they may not be pragmatically transferable. This admission of the difficulties of writing only adds to the realism of the novel. The reader wants to know not only what happened but how it all ended and what it all meant. how does this poem differ from traditional sonnets interflora; airmessage vs blue bubbles; southside legend strain effects; abd insurance and financial services; valenzuela city ordinance violation fines; my summer car cheatbox; vfs global japan visa nepal contact number; beaver owl fox dolphin personality test; Community on 50-99 accounts. Justification is the reason why someone properly holds abelief, the explanation as to why the belief is a true one, or an account of how one knows what one knows. When he finally gets around to writing Stradlater's composition, he only does it because he is thinking about his dead brother and sees how he could write that "descriptive composition" about Allie. The ability to distinguish senses by collocation is an invaluable asset to a translator working from a foreign language. Normally, the conflict becomes the base of the unhapppiness, but many of the Salingers characters, loneliness or isolation is the better way for seach happiness. Several years before, Allie died of leukemia. The author used a great variety of the types of translation difficulties and these types could be well seen in the third chapter of J. D. Salingers The Catcher in the Rye that was chosen in order to point out those types of translation difficulties that exist in the novel. The real thing, with the curtain of language somehow made transparent. The researched material showed all the types of translation difficulties used in the work The Catcher in the Ray by the author. P. Newmark calls them deceptive cognates, as their meanings are different and they can easily confuse the target text receptor. What did holden write stadlater's composition about in The Catcher in the Rye? How did Holden know Stradlater's date, Jane Gallagher? Killing time before his date with Sally, Holden decides to walk from Central Park to the Museum of Natural History. This is not possible. He does not want to grow up and become phony like all the adults. Continue to start your free trial. In the words of Nida and Taber (1974): Translating consists of reproducing, in the target language, the nearest equivalent to the message in the source language, in the first place in the semantic aspect and, in the second place, in the stylistic aspect. As far as idioms and phraseological units are concerned in translation, the first difficulty that a translator comes across is being able to recognize that s/he is dealing with an idiomatic expression. To accomplish this matter we are going to focus our attention on several points that are important elements of the lexical peculiarities and translation difficulties and that reflect in an accurate way the main meanig of the writing and more specifically. What Holden does not yet realize, however, is that he carries his torment with him, inside himself. to start your free trial of SparkNotes Plus. This cognitive approach perfectly applies to the transfer process of ideas from one language to another, which obviously implies a lot more than the simple reproduction model. Salinger. No game.. aldi chip shop curry sauce; 890 mountain home rd, woodside, ca 94062 owner; utica . He reads Holden's composition and becomes visibly annoyed, asserting that it has nothing to do with the assignment and that it's no wonder Holden is being expelled. Practically, even identical words in different languages are not always equal in their meaning, they never correspond completely. So his main characters (who have a lot of obstacles) learn about happiness. Log in here. What is the main message of The Catcher in the Rye. Moreover, the characters created by Salinger used to have some obstacles to fins their own happiness; but, suddenly, it appears the religion as a solution, as a way of liberation: it supposes the end of the suffering for each character. Afterward, he smokes a cigarette in the room . They are sometimes called dead metaphors. This is why he is scared to grow up. Stradlater then becomes worried that he has hurt Holden and will get into trouble. I need at least one quote for support. In Salingers Catcher in the Rye Holden Caulfields entire plot deals with him trying to isolate from society. This book has had a huge impact on teenagers all over the world. Through experience it was learned that the consequences of wrong translations can be catastrophicespecially if done by laypersonsand mistakes made in the performance of this activity can obviously be irreparable. Holden responds with this image, which reveals his fantasy of idealistic childhood and of his role as the protector of innocence. Members will be prompted to log in or create an account to redeem their group membership. Gradation of epithets, that is a sequence of synonymous epithets, is constructed on a different basis in English and in Romanian. There are two cases in which an idiom can be easily misinterpreted if one is not already familiar with it: Apart from being alert to the way speakers and writers manipulate certain features of idioms and to the possible confusion which could arise from similarities in form between source and target expressions, a translator must also consider the collocational environment which surrounds any expression whose meaning is not readily accessible. It could even state that Holdens personality is more important than the story he is going to tell us. J. D. Salinger needed to persuade the reader that Holden was capable of writing an entire "autobiographical" book, even though he was a poor student and was actually getting kicked out of school because of his bad grades. The interaction of different types of lexical meaning: J. D. Salingers The Cather in the Ray is full of stylistic device that made authors style more clear and sometimes more interesting. J. D. Salinger used a lot of epithets in his work The Cather in the Ray in order to present a good characteristic of the characters which are in the work and of the objects that he used in his work the epithets were used for pointing out to the reader some of the properties or features of the characters and of the objects with the aim of giving an individual perception and evaluation of these features or properties. Michael Cart, "Famous Firsts. Allie's glove, with the green writing on it, is symbolic of isolation. Allie is a special person to Holden because of his intelligence and kindness, When Holden accepted the favor of writing Stradlater's composition, Holden has also accepted an obstacle in his time during his stay in Pencey Prep. Let us know your assignment type and we'll make sure to get you exactly the kind of answer you need. Ever since its publication in 1951, J.D. Modernist literature often features a marked pessimism, a clear rejection of the optimism apparent in Victorian literature. Of the writers in Salinger's generation, Pulitzer Prize-winning novelist John Updike attested that "the short stories of J. D. Salinger really opened my eyes as to how you can weave fiction out of a set of events that seem almost unconnected, or very lightly connected. Yates describes Salinger as "a man who used language as if it were pure energy beautifully controlled, and who knew exactly what he was doing in every silence as well as in every word." . Idiom generally have three characteristics: Translation is an exacting art. Because of this fact, a translation based on a one-to-one substitution of words is seldom acceptable. In contextual usage of a word in poetry or prose often point to the authors penetration into the depth of the words semantic structure. The author used the next kind of epithets grand people (J. D. Salinger: 8) which is a simple epithet because is used by an adjective and a noun. Accessed 4 Mar. Does Mr. Antolini really make a pass at Holden? Analysis of the translation into Romanian of J. D. Salingers The Catcher in the Rye, which represents my major contribution to this research paper it was focused on presenting the Romanian versions of Salingers novel in order to find the main translation difficulties translation as well as its impact on Romanian readership. http://www.sparknotes.com/lit/catcher/facts.html; http://www.scribd.com/doc/9711270/the-Catcher-in-the-Rye-1945-De-Veghe-in-Lanul-de-Secara-Jdsalinger. Why is Holden worried about Jane and her date with Stradlater? Holden seems to feel increasing pressure as he moves toward leaving school, and Salinger manipulates the details of Holdens physical environment to match his protagonists feelings. The conclusion is that the Romanian translation played an innovatory role and an influential one in the literary system of the native country by breaking the norms of the TL, in order to render the stylistic qualities of the ST, and by introducing the use of slang language into Romanian, as a new and alternative means of expression. i have to pick 2 points on Allie's baseball mitt that reflects on isolation. It was discussed the reasons which led to the negative reactions around The Catcher in the Rye and its repeated banning and removal from schools and high schools reading lists since its first publication until nowadays, and also some similar cases in American literature. Their meaning cannot be deduced from their components or any arrangement thereof, and must be learned as a whole. Translators false friends result from transferring the sounds of a source language word literally into the target language. The state of one's endowment. J. D. Salinger also uses another comparison with the worst place that could exist as hell because the author pointed out through the comparison like sad as hell (J.D.Salinger:13) that he used this word also with another meaning like that the person that made the worst thing in this life because through this words the author showed to the reader that Holdens feelings were compared with a hell. Furthermore, it should be point out major differences in the translation of Salingers use of colloquial and taboo language in the English and Romanian versions, the Romanian version was the farthest because of its abundant use of euphemisms and euphemistic formulations throughout the book. This brief passage occurs in Chapter 3, after Holden has returned to his dorm room and is being pestered by Ackley. J. D. Salinger is one of the main representatives of the Modern literature which is experimented with a wide variety of new approaches and techniques, producing a remarkably diverse body of literature. He feels like he has a duty to save other people from growing up and maturing. Along with traditional combinations in languages unexpected combinations are also possible, but they are quite clear, for they follow generally accepted semantic models of word combinability. The law of compensation is a technique used in translation to make up for the losses present in the TT and it works by (re)creating other effects, similar to the ones specific to the ST but in the TT when possible and using the TL resources, a law applicable in the Romanian versions discussed. The interjection that was used by the author is Ohwell (J. D. Salinger:7)The interjection used by the author Oh it is possible to express various feelings such as regret, despair, disappointment sorrow, surprise and many others but especially this the author point out to the reader Old Spenser hesitation for giving a clear and interesting answer to Holdens question. He ran a tired hand through his hair.The word tired logically is linked with he, syntactically with hand. Lexical peculiarities comprise the following difficulties: difference in the semantic volume of a word because a word exists in a close connection with the lexical-semantic system of a given language. The first type of translation difficulties that could be seen in J. D. Salingers novel The Catcher in the Ray is distinguished between various uses of a word of general vocabulary. This first type of difficulty is the task of distinguishing between a use of a word as a specialized term and its use as a word of general vocabulary. If the two senses of the same word do not seem to fit, yet seem related, then it is likely that they are polysemous. Holden is very afraid of growing up and is also afraid of the unknown. The Romanian version tends to add words or phrases to the TT. The more Holden focuses on his dead brother, the more alone he feels. "Rather than writing a description of a room or a house, Holden writes a description of his younger brother Allies baseball glove. Supplementations of parts of speech are characterized by several factors: difference in structures of the sentences and that short English sentences demand spread translation in the Romanian language. Modernists shared a common purpose. The example for this wrd with its meanings could be like I left the goddam foils andstuff on the subway (J. D. Salinger: p.170 in English and Am uitat blestmatele aleade florete ?i tot echipamentul in metrou. and throughthis example ispinted out that the author used not only the main meaning of the word. Lexical peculiarities - are the techniques, methods, elements used by the author that are characteristic for the Modernist Period; Translation difficulties are the problem that appear during the process of translation from the cause that the author uses different meaning of the words and some types of translation difficulties that are specific for such process. Some idioms are 'misleading'; they seem transparent because they offer a reasonable literal interpretation and their idiomatic meanings are not necessarily signalled in the surrounding text. I mean thats all I told D.B. Modernism as a literary movement is seen, in large part, as a reaction to the emergence of city life as a central force in society. It reveals potential expressiveness put in the lexical morphologic and syntactic means of a language. institutes at the university of san diego near old town above mission bay, ap english literature and composition course description from the college board ap free response open question discussion the catcher in the rye discussion august 16 Afterwards, he smokes a cigarette in the room just to annoy Stradlater." He later gets into a fight with Stradlater over a crush . He is frightened because he is guilty of the sins he criticizes in others, and because he can't understand everything around him. Who is Holden talking to? Another important type of translation difficulty that was used by the author in his writing The Catcher in the Rye is abbreviation that is a kind of shortening of the words through cutting one of the part of the word and using the apostroph for joining two words, that is the type which create a lot of problem in the prosses of translation.. Therse exemples of translation difficulties used by the author in his vovel The Catcher in the Ray shows to the reader that the writer tried to combine in his work different features of the period in which he activated that is Modernism and some important features of the previous period which is Realism. Salinger uses religion in his works to comfort them so that they can proceed on their quest to achieve happiness. The hat is eccentric and displays Holdens desires to be diverse from everyone else around him, yet at the same time Holden is very self-conscious about the red hunting hat. Chapter 4 - Catcher 2. Grammatical transformations are characterized by various principles grammatical and lexical as well, though the principal role is given to grammatical ones. It is a comparison of two objects when the linkage is made explicit, like drumming like a noise in dreams. Order custom essay The Importance of Stradlaters Composition in the Catcher in the Rye The author used a lot of stylistic devices of these kinds in order to capture readers attention to the smallest elements used by the writer for pointing out those elements that could not be used without those peculiarities of Modernists writers. Sometimes in translation, the translator will face some problems related to the equivalences of source and target languages. In the end can be concluded that the main Lexical translation problems are: Practically, stylistic devices in almost all languages are similar still though their functions in speech vary. The New Republic, Vol. $24.99 Some stupid guy had thrown peanut shells all over the stairs, and I damn near broke my crazy neck. Holden himself realizes this to a degree when he acknowledges that his idea is crazy, yet he cannot come up with anything more pragmatic; he has trouble seeing the world in any other way. Theyre quite touchy about anything like that, especially my father. If we talk about the language at Catcher in the Rye, we can say that the author uses a simple writing, with several interjections and qualifier adjectives; the tone of this novel is colloquial and full of teenagers expressions (it is written in a monologue and in lively slang; its also important the chronolect). The Romanian version faithfully and accurately kept and rendered Salingers use of intonational stress and italicized words, which represents an important case of gain. None of their constituents may be substituted with words of similar meaning. He thinks the line is If a body catch a body comin' through the rye, but the actual lyric is If a body meet a body, coming through the rye.. The most important patterns, themes and motifs in Salingers fiction were the centre of this chapter, but before embarking upon discussing Salingers literary trademarks, it has to be approached the issue concerning the controversy around Salinger and his ability to maintain his reputation in the context of his self-imposed reclusive lifestyle. Robert Coles reflected general critical opinion of the author when he called Salinger "an original and gifted writer, a marvelous entertainer, a man free of the slogans and clichs the rest of us fall prey to". In The Catcher in the Rye, what does Mr. Antolini's quotation, from a psychoanalyst named Wilhelm Stekel, mean? Throughout the novel, it becomes increasingly clear that Allies death was one of the most traumatic experiences of Holdens life and may play a major role in his current psychological breakdown. Its impossible. In The Catcher in the Rye, how does Holden describe his mother? In the following analyses will be given some examples of slangs from the novel with the help of direct quotations. When studying the reality of some object can be identify that its name reveals its functions which finds the reflection in the semantics of the word. This chapter will point out the activity of one of the main representative of the 20th century J.D.Salinser and critics about one of the well-known writing of this writer The Catcher in the Rye. The general impression is that the Romanian translation is direct, it does not use so many euphemisms, it has more gains, its language is more modern, closer to the contemporary teenage colloquial speech, and more colorful. The theme of the painfulness of growing up is very important in the book. Salinger has the power to disconnect between his adorated teenagers and phony adults: he magnifies childrens intelligence; so we can say that the kind of language used in this novel is not monotonous. J. D. Salinger: [USA] The Catcher in the Rye, L, Penguin, 1958. Holden dated her until her father made them stop seeing each other. Salinger later explains that Holden will become free as these ducks. What did Holden write a composition about? This passage, in which Holden explains why he loves the Museum of Natural History, is located in Chapter 16. Lexical peculiarities are the most important features of lexico-stylistic analyses and these features are very important for the reader in order easily to understand the whole content of the work. Stradlater's composition is supposed to be about a room in a house that can be described. Free trial is available to new customers only. In Chapter 22, just before he reveals his fantasy of the catcher in the rye, Holden explains that adults are inevitably phonies, and, what's worse, they can't see their own phoniness. In its broad meaning, the term impliestransmutationand can be illustrated by decoding some ideas and themes expressed, for example, in a poem through the language of music or dance. In conclusion, there are countless symbols in The Catcher in the Rye. Save time and let our verified experts help you. He resents society as he does not seem to be part of it, and looks for sense of real place for him, where he could focus more on his phoniness. Because false friends are a common problem for language learners, teachers sometimes compile lists of false friends as an aid for their students. One detail he says is "The best thing, though, in that museum was that everything always stayed right where it was. Most often is the correspondence of first lexical-semantic variants of such words their primary meaning then we have various lexical-semantic variants for the course of development of these words was of different nature. The Atlantic Bookshelf, Vol. Stuff, in reference to one's privates. In The Catcher in the Rye, what do Holden and Stradlater fight over? Holden tells us the symbolic meaning of the museum's displays: they appeal to him because they are frozen and unchanging. 81) The Ducks in the pond are symbolic in many ways, they prove that some vanishings are only temporary. equivalence of form and shape. Not so. One of the most important translation difficulties is grammatical translation difficulties which is the hardest one in the identification and in the same time which change the structure and the meaning of the words from the source text into target text. His brother Allie's (died from leukemia) baseball glove which had poems written all over it in green ink to read while out in the field. The Romanian version always uses euphemisms and euphemistic formulations when translating SL colloquial expressions (mainly explained by the social, political and cultural constraints from the period of its publication), while the second version uses (almost all the time) the same informal, at times vulgar, linguistic register as the ST, managing at the same time to capture the nuances and subtleties of the original. Holden is scared of growing up, and also scared of the unknown. He also recounts that the night Allie died, he slept in the garage and broke all the windows with his bare hands. J. D. Salinger used in his writing a lot of interjections that easily presented the feelings that feel the characters of the novel. J. D. Salingers secluded lifestyle had its share of contribution and impact on the very popularity he has rejected and the implicit controversy. What does Stradlater ask Holden to write for him? Inter-semiotic translation means substituting signs of one semiotic system by signs of a different semiotic system. The reader is intrigued by the dramatic aspect of the quarrel with Stradlater and hardly realizes that he is being cunningly conditioned to believe that Holden is capable of writing "The Catcher in the Rye," a book full of subtle observations about people and about life in general. Loneliness is the emotional manifestation of the alienation Holden experiences; it is both a source of great pain and a source of his security. Holden idealizes Allie, praising his intelligence and sensitivitythe poem--covered baseball glove is a perfect emblem for bothbut remaining silent about his emotional reaction to Allies death. Distinguishing between various meanings of a word of general vocabulary. Observe the cat is scratching right now." The mitt is representative of a "loss of innocence". The second type of difficulty is distinguishing between various uses of a word of general vocabulary. What is Holden's view of women and girls in The Catcher in the Rye? He has a cynical, oversimplified view of other people, and a large part of his fantasy world is based on the idea that children are simple and innocent while adults are superficial and hypocritical. In this case, the provided solutions are not the explanation of the sense of phraseologisms that, in the compilers intentions, should serve to translate them into the other language. If unrecognized, they are translated interpreting the meaning of the single words to the letter, with doubtful outcome. He is also mad because he knows that it is impossible to keep from kids getting their innocence taken away. It is not the specific items an expression contains but rather the meaning it conveys and its association with culture-specific contexts which can make it untranslatable or difficult to translate. Sometimes it is hard to do all the work on your own. There are different types of lexical difficulties in translation and the main of them are: A polysemy is a word or phrase with multiple, related meanings. Literary translators can also use the interpretation of other critics, the options of other native speakers of both the SL and the TL, and the help of numerous dictionaries (but this type of support is limited in ideas). The practical chapter will single out examples of translation difficulties from the sourse language English and target language Romanian. Log in here. In substitution, an item (or items) is replaced by another item (or items). Afterwards, Salinger struggled with unwanted attention, including a legal battle in the 1980s with biographer Ian Hamilton and the release in the late 1990s of memoirs written by two people close to him: Joyce Maynard, an ex-lover; and Margaret Salinger, his daughter. database? Holden then asks Stradlater who the girl he was dating was. 3, 16 July 1951, 20-1. The museum represents the world Holden wishes he could live in: it's the world of his catcher in the rye fantasy, a world where nothing ever changes, where everything is simple, understandable, and infinite. This phenomenon the connection of words with completely various semantic features is peculiar to all languages, but in each language it has various rules and traditions. At the same time, he is very self-conscious about the hathe always mentions when he is wearing it, and he often doesn't wear it if he is going to be around people he knows. March 3, 2023, SNPLUSROCKS20 Holden tears up the composition because Stradlater dislikes the poem and which infuriates him. She had lived next door to Holden before he came to Pencey. Lying and deception are the most obvious and hurtful elements of the larger category of phoniness. Why wouldn't Holden be back to Pencey after Christmas vacation? Another important aspect of this chapter focused on the presentation of the major themes developed by Salinger in his novel, in the Nine Stories collection and in some of his mature and last publications until 1965 when he stopped publishing his writings. He uses the pronoun you all the time, but as we know this could be translated as tu, c-ati, va. This offends Stradlater, who refuses to answer. So it can be concluded that Salinger tries to explain what these three elements can do for search the true happiness. Phoniness, which is probably the most famous phrase from The Catcher in the Rye, is one of Holden's favorite concepts. In the case of the "hammer and anvil" idiom, a lexical rendering could be "to be in an uneasy, stressing situation". Holden also hates the fact that Ackley comes into his room and picks up things that belong to him and his roommate, Ward Stradlater. support@phdessay.com. what do numbers in parentheses mean on a bill; salina cruz mexico real estate; how do i email sanjay gupta. In the preparatory phase of a translation, cognition, in the form of self-consciousness and self-confidence, plays a very important role, inasmuch as this period implies conscious mental activities, where translating problems are detected and analyzed, and information and knowledge are accumulated. According to most analyses, The Catcher in the Rye is a bildungsroman, a novel about a young character's growth into maturity. Some critics scolded the novel as being too pessimistic or obscene, too harsh for the society of the 1950's.
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